Como estudar os verbos irregulares em inglês
A maioria dos verbos em inglês são regulares, ou seja, no Simple Past e no Past Participle simplesmente se acrescenta D, ED ou IED na forma original.
Ex:
dance - danced - danced
play - played - played
cry - cried - cried
Porém existem cerca de 450 verbos iregulares, mas cerca de 200 são muito usados. Esses verbos não seguiram essa rera do D. ED, IED.
Tem alguns que mudam apenas as vogais (see - saw - seen), outros não mudam nada (let-let-let). Esses verbos se originam do Inglês antigo, enquanto os outros se originam do inglês moderno.
Como estudar os verbos irregulares? Uma maneira prática é dividi-los por categorias:
Como estudar os verbos irregulares? Uma maneira prática é dividi-los por categorias:
Category 1: terminação irregular sem mudança de vogal,
group 1: d muda para t, ent muda para end
bend bent bent
build built built
lend lent lent
send sent sent
spend spent spent
build built built
lend lent lent
send sent sent
spend spent spent
group 2: the verbs have and make
have \ has had had
make made made
make made made
group 3: regular no Inglês Americano, irregular no Inglês Britânico
learn learned \ learnt learned \ learnt
burn burned \ burnt burned \ burnt
dwell dwelled \ dwelt dwelled \ dwelt
smell smelled \ smelt smelled \ smelt
spell spelled \ spelt spelled \ spelt
spill spilled \ spilt spilled \ spilt
spoil spoiled \ spoilt spoiled \ spoilt
burn burned \ burnt burned \ burnt
dwell dwelled \ dwelt dwelled \ dwelt
smell smelled \ smelt smelled \ smelt
spell spelled \ spelt spelled \ spelt
spill spilled \ spilt spilled \ spilt
spoil spoiled \ spoilt spoiled \ spoilt
group 4: final ay muda para aid
*said is pronounced /sed/
lay (the table,clothes, eggs) laid laid
pay paid paid
say *said
(/sed/) *said (/sed/)
lay (the table,clothes, eggs) laid laid
pay paid paid
say *said
(/sed/) *said (/sed/)
Category 2: Mudança de Vogal, mudança na terminação
group 5: mudança de vogal , terminação d ou t
creep crept crept
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
keep kept kept
kneel knelt \ kneeled knelt \ kneeled
meet met met
sleep slept slept
sweep swept swept
weep wept wept
*leave left left
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
keep kept kept
kneel knelt \ kneeled knelt \ kneeled
meet met met
sleep slept slept
sweep swept swept
weep wept wept
*leave left left
group 6: pronuncua diferente com a mesma vogal mas terminação diferente
d or t
deal dealt dealt
dream dreamed \ dreamt dreamed \ dreamt
lean leaned \ leant leaned \ leant
leap leapt leapt
mean meant meant
read read (/red/) read (/red/)
hear heard heard
deal dealt dealt
dream dreamed \ dreamt dreamed \ dreamt
lean leaned \ leant leaned \ leant
leap leapt leapt
mean meant meant
read read (/red/) read (/red/)
hear heard heard
group 7: ell muda para old
sell sold sold
tell told told
tell told told
group 8: vogal muda para ought (ou *aught)
d or t ending
bring brought brought
buy bought bought
fight fought fought
seek sought sought
think thought thought
*catch caught caught
*teach taught taught
bring brought brought
buy bought bought
fight fought fought
seek sought sought
think thought thought
*catch caught caught
*teach taught taught
Category 3: Verbos que não mudam
group 9: Verbos que mudam
d or t ending
bet bet bet
bid (to offer) bid bid
broadcast broadcast \
broadcasted broadcast \
broadcasted
burst burst burst
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
fit fit
(was the right size)
fitted
(tailored, changed size) fit
(was the right size)
fitted
(tailored, changed size)
hit hit hit
hurt hurt hurt
let let let
put put put
set set set
shut shut shut
spread spread spread
quit quit quit
bet bet bet
bid (to offer) bid bid
broadcast broadcast \
broadcasted broadcast \
broadcasted
burst burst burst
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
fit fit
(was the right size)
fitted
(tailored, changed size) fit
(was the right size)
fitted
(tailored, changed size)
hit hit hit
hurt hurt hurt
let let let
put put put
set set set
shut shut shut
spread spread spread
quit quit quit
Category 4: Mudança de vogal, no past participle acrecenta (e)n
group 10: Past simple e Past Participle mudam para o som /o / longo
break broke broken
choose chose chosen
freeze froze frozen
speak spoke spoken
steal stole stolen
awake awoke \ awaked awoken \ awaked
wake woke \ waked woken \ waked
weave wove woven
choose chose chosen
freeze froze frozen
speak spoke spoken
steal stole stolen
awake awoke \ awaked awoken \ awaked
wake woke \ waked woken \ waked
weave wove woven
group 11: V2 long o sound, V3 shirt /i/ sound
arise arose arisen
rise rose risen
*ride rode *ridden
drive drove driven
*write wrote *written
rise rose risen
*ride rode *ridden
drive drove driven
*write wrote *written
group 12: The following verbs:
*bite bit *bitten
*hide hid *hidden
eat ate eaten
give gave given
forgive forgave forgiven
forbid * forbad(e) forbidden
* bid
( to command, farewell) bade *bidden
* forget forgot *forgotten
get got * gotten (AmE) \ got (BrE)
shake shook shaken
take took taken
see saw seen
beat beat beaten
fall fell fallen
lie
( down to rest) lay lain
Cuidado!
Não confunda lie (tell a lie, regular), lie (down to rest, irregular), and lay (the table, irregular).
*lie
(tell a lie) lied lied
lie
(down to rest) lay lain
lay
(the table, eggs) laid laid
*hide hid *hidden
eat ate eaten
give gave given
forgive forgave forgiven
forbid * forbad(e) forbidden
* bid
( to command, farewell) bade *bidden
* forget forgot *forgotten
get got * gotten (AmE) \ got (BrE)
shake shook shaken
take took taken
see saw seen
beat beat beaten
fall fell fallen
lie
( down to rest) lay lain
Cuidado!
Não confunda lie (tell a lie, regular), lie (down to rest, irregular), and lay (the table, irregular).
*lie
(tell a lie) lied lied
lie
(down to rest) lay lain
lay
(the table, eggs) laid laid
group 13: ear-ore-orn
bear bore born
swear swore sworn
tear tore torn
wear wore worn
swear swore sworn
tear tore torn
wear wore worn
group 14: Presente com ow, Past Simple com ew, Past Participle com own
blow blew blown
grow grew grown
know knew known
throw threw thrown
fly flew flown
draw drew *drawn
grow grew grown
know knew known
throw threw thrown
fly flew flown
draw drew *drawn
Category 5: regular Past Simple, regular ou irregular Past Participle
group 15
show showed showed \ shown
sow sowed sowed \ sown
mow mowed mowed \ mown
swell swelled swelled \ swollen
sew sewed sewed \ sewn
*shine
(the shoes) shined shined
*shine
(brightly) shone shone
sow sowed sowed \ sown
mow mowed mowed \ mown
swell swelled swelled \ swollen
sew sewed sewed \ sewn
*shine
(the shoes) shined shined
*shine
(brightly) shone shone
Category 6: mudança de vogal
group 16: vowel change pattern, no ending
dig dug dug
stick stuck stuck
spin spun spun
sting stung stung
strike struck struck
swing swung swung
*hang
(a man) hanged hanged
*hang
(a picture) hung hung
slide slid slid
light lighted \ lit lighted \ lit
shoot shot shot
stick stuck stuck
spin spun spun
sting stung stung
strike struck struck
swing swung swung
*hang
(a man) hanged hanged
*hang
(a picture) hung hung
slide slid slid
light lighted \ lit lighted \ lit
shoot shot shot
group 17: mudança de vogal de i para ou - ou
bind bound bound
find found found
grind ground ground
wind wound wound
find found found
grind ground ground
wind wound wound
group 18: mudança de vogal de ee para e - e
bleed bled bled
feed fed fed
flee fled fled
*lead led led
*speed speeded \ sped speeded \ sped
feed fed fed
flee fled fled
*lead led led
*speed speeded \ sped speeded \ sped
Category 7: Os verbos loucos!!!!!
group 19: mudança de vogal de i - a - u
begin began begun
drink drank drunk
ring rang rung
shrink shrank shrunk
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
spin span \ spun spun
spring sprang sprung
swim swam swum
drink drank drunk
ring rang rung
shrink shrank shrunk
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
spin span \ spun spun
spring sprang sprung
swim swam swum
group 20: mudança de vogal
come came come
become became become
run ran run
become became become
run ran run
group 21: Os misturados:
the verb to be
am
is
are was
was
were been
am
is
are was
was
were been
go went gone
*dive (jumped head first) dove dived
*dive (jumped head first) dove dived
*dive
(scuba-diving) dived dived
do did done
can could
may might
hold held held
stand stood stood
understand understood understood
sit sat sat
babysit babysat babysat
win won won
lose lost lost
Notem que temos os verbos que são derivados de outros.
Por exemplo: write - rewrite,
A terminação do rewrite seguirá a regra do write.
stand - understand
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