Uso do "So" em Inglês
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So + adjective (so difficult), so + adverb (so slowly)
Costumamos usá-lo quando queremos dizer "em grande medida". Com esse significado, também existe um advérbio de grau que modifica adjetivos e outros advérbios:
Using that camera is easy. Why is she making it so difficult?
Why is she so untidy?
I’m sorry I’m walking so slowly. I’ve hurt my ankle.
It doesn’t always work out so well.
Também usamos so como um intensificador para significar "muito, muito"
That motorway is so dangerous. Everyone drives too fast.
That’s kind of you. Thanks so much for thinking of us.
Sempre usamos so com that:
He’s so lazy that he never helps out with the housework.
It was so dark (that) we could hardly see.
Não usamos so antes de um adjetivo + um substantivo (adjetivo atribuível). Nós usamos such:
She emailed us such lovely pictures of her and Enzo.
Não: … so lovely pictures …
Usamos such e não so to modificar frases substantivas:
She is such a hard-working colleague.
Não: … so a hard-working colleague.
It’s taken them such a long time to send the travel brochures.
Não: … so a long time …
So much and so many
Usamos so antes de much, many, little and few:
There were so many people on the beach it was difficult to get into the sea.
There are so few people who know what it is like in our country for other people from different cultures.
You’ve eaten so little and I’ve eaten so much!
Usamos so much, não so, antes de comparativos:
I feel so much better after I’ve been for a run in the park.
Não: I feel so better …
My house is so much colder than yours.
So na forma de substituto
So substituindo um adjetivo
Em contextos formais, podemos usá-lo em vez de uma frase adjetiva após um verbo:
The bus service was very unreliable when I was young and it remains so even today. (It remains very unreliable …)
She is very anxious. She’s been so since the accident. (She’s been very anxious since the accident.)
More so, less so
Quan do estamos comparando, usamos more so e less so como substitutos:
The kitchen is very old-fashioned, the living room more so. (The living room is more old-fashioned than the kitchen.)
My old office was very dark; my new office less so. (My new office is less dark than my old office.)
So como substituto
Em alguns verbos, costumamos usá-lo em vez de repetir uma cláusula de objeto, especialmente em respostas curtas:
A:Will Megan be at the meeting today?B:I think so. (I think Megan will be at the meeting today.)
The next train is going to be half an hour late. They told me so when I bought my ticket.
(They told me (that) the next train is going to be half an hour late.)
So com reporting verbs
Spoken English:
Principlamente para falar, as vezes usamos so nas short answers com verbos como
believe, say, tell, hear, read:
believe, say, tell, hear, read:
She’s the most popular singer. So everybody says, anyway.
A:Janet got the job.B:So I heard. (I heard that Janet got the job.)
A:The Council has given planning permission for another shopping centre in the city.B:So I read in the paper. (I read that the Council has given planning permission for another shopping centre.)
So am I, so do I, Neither do I
Usamos so com be e com modais e verbos auxiliares com o sentido de ‘in the same way’, ‘as well’ or ‘too’. Nós o usamos para evitar repetir um verbo, especialmente em respostas curtas com sujeitos de pronomes. Quando o usamos dessa maneira, invertemos o verbo e o sujeito e não repetimos o verbo principal (so + verb [= v] + subject [= s]):
Geoff is a very good long-distance runner and so [V]is [S]his wife.
A:What are you doing tonight?B:I’ve got loads of exam marking to do and I’m staying at home.A:So [V]am [S]I.
They all joined the new gym and after three weeks so [V]did [S]he. (… and after three weeks he joined the gym too.)
Neither do I
Também usamos not … either, nor ou neither quando queremos dar um sentido negativo:
A:I don’t think she’ll be coming to the party.B:Nor/Neither do I. (or I don’t either.)
So em exclamações no inglês falado:
Usamos so como um substituto antes do sujeito e do verbo to be , do verbo modal ou do verbo auxiliar.
A:We’re out of salt.B:Oh, so we are!
A:Look Mum, I can climb all the way to the top.B:So you can!
So como conjunção
Usamos so : como uma conjunção subordinada para introduzir cláusulas de resultado ou decisão
I got here late. It was a long journey, so I’m really tired now.
You are right, of course, so I think we will accept what the bank offers.
It’s much cheaper with that airline, isn’t it, so I’ll get all the tickets for us with them.
So nas that-clauses
Usamos so + that como uma conjunção para introduzir cláusulas de razão e explicação:
They both went on a diet so that they could play more football with their friends.
Usamos so + adjectivo ou adverbio antes das that-clauses.
It was so hot that we didn’t leave the air-conditioned room all day.
They drove so fast that they escaped the police car that was chasing them.
Não: They drove very fast that …
So em discursos
Spoken English:
Geralmente, ocorre no início das cláusulas e a usamos quando resumimos o que acabou de ser dito ou quando estamos mudando de tópico:
So, we’ve covered the nineteenth century and we’re now going to look at all the experiments in the novel in the early twentieth century.
[discutindo se deve comer um pudim ou mantê-lo até a manhã seguinte]
A:I’m not having it cold in the morning.B:Oh. So what sort of pudding is it?
So, what time does the film start?
So: outros uso para falar
So far significando ‘up to now’:
So far we have kept the news within the family.
Usamos is that so? para expressar surpresa ou desconfiança
A:When I came to the flat all the lights were still on!B:Oh, is that so?A:Yes!
As vezes é usado também para indicar tamanho ou extensão de algo.
Exemplo: ao se referir ao tamanho de um diamante em um anel:
It’s about so small. (or It’s about this small.)
We also sometimes use so to mean ‘like this’:
Hold the racket in your left hand – so. That’s right.
Ao falar, também o usamos para intensificar palavras, frases e cláusulas.. Esse uso é muito comum entre alguns falantes mais jovens. Tem um significado semelhante just ou just like:
I’m so not interested.
That’s so Jack. He always behaves like that. (That’s just like Jack.)
That is so what I don’t want to hear!
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