Collocation é um par ou um grupo de palavras que sempre são usadas juntas. Estas combinações soam de modo muito natural para um inglês nativo, mas os alunos estrangeiros normalmente tem um pouco de dificuldade para guardar o significado. Algumas combinações soam "erradas" Por exemplo, o adjectivo "fast" se usa com "cars", mas não com "glance".

Nós dizemos: Nós não dizemos:
fast cars ~~quick~~ cars
fast food ~~quick~~ food

a quick glance ~~a fast~~ glance
a quick meal ~~a fast~~ meal

Aprender "Collocation" é uma parte importante do aprendizado de uma nova língua. Algumas delas são muito usadas, e até mesmo muito rígidas, por exemplo: "Take a Photo". Não existe nenhuma outra expressão com este sentido.
Mas existem outras que são mais abertas, aceitando mais do que uma "collocation". Por exemplo: "Keep to/Stick to the rules".

You must make an effort and study for your exams (NOT do an effort)

Did you watch TV last night? (NOT ~~look at TV)~~

This car has a very powerful engine. (NOT ~~strong machine~~)

There are some ancient monuments nearby. (NOT ~~antique monuments~~)

Algumas vezes, um par de palavras podem não ser absolutamente erradas, e as pessoas entenderão o sentido, mas não será natural, não será uma forma comum de se expressar. Se alguém falar: I did a few mistakes", a pessoa será entendida, mas uma pessoa fluente usaria I made a few mistakes.

Expressões Idiomáticas (Idioms) ou Palavras Compostas (Compounds):

Compounds são palavras formadas por duas ou mais palavras. Algumas vezes elas serão escritas separadamente, algumas vezes elas utilizam um hifen e as vezes serão usadas como uma única palavra. Alguns exemplos: car park (estacionamento), posto office (correio), narrow-minded (intolerante), shoelaces (cordões do sapato), teapot (bule).

Idioms são grupos de palavras que numa determinada ordem terão um sentido que não tem como ser identificado pelas palavras separadamente. Por exemplo: pass the buck é um "idiom" com o sentido de passar a responsabilidade adiante para outra pessoa, de maneira a se isentar de responsabilidade. Alguma coisa como "passar a bola"

Porque precisamos aprender "Collocations"? Para ser mais natural e fluente no idioma:
"Smoking is strinctly forbidden" é muito mais natural do que "Smoking is strongly forbidden."
Usar collocations também te dará mais opções para dizer algo, de maneira mais expressiva ou precisa.

Vejam alguns exemplos de collocations muito usadas:

Sample Collocations

There are several different types of collocation. Collocations can be adjective + adverb, noun + noun, verb + noun and so on. Below you can see seven main types of collocation in sample sentences.

1. adverb + adjective

Invading that country was an utterly stupid thing to do.
We entered a richly decorated room.
Are you fully aware of the implications of your action?

2. adjective + noun

The doctor ordered him to take regular exercise.
The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage.
He was writhing on the ground in excruciating pain.

3. noun + noun

Let's give Mr Jones a round of applause.
The ceasefire agreement came into effect at 11am.
I'd like to buy two bars of soap please.

4. noun + verb

The lion started to roar when it heard the dog barking.
Snow was falling as our plane took off.
The bomb went off when he started the car engine.

5. verb + noun

The prisoner was hanged for committing murder.
I always try to do my homework in the morning, after making my bed.
He has been asked to give a presentation about his work.

6. verb + expression with preposition

We had to return home because we had run out of money.
At first her eyes filled with horror, and then she burst into tears.
Their behaviour was enough to drive anybody to crime.

7. verb + adverb

She placed her keys gently on the table and sat down.
Mary whispered softly in John's ear.
I vaguely remember that it was growing dark when we left.

Abaixo segue uma lista com as mais usadas:

Collocations Lists

On this page you can find a few short lists of collocations to give you more of an idea about them. Many good learner's dictionaries show collocations associated with specific words. There are also dictionaries of collocations, though these are more difficult to find.

have	do	make
Some common verbs
have a bath have a drink have a good time have a haircut have a holiday have a problem have a relationship have a rest have lunch have sympathy	do business do nothing do someone a favour do the cooking do the housework do the shopping do the washing up do your best do your hair do your homework	make a difference make a mess make a mistake make a noise make an effort make furniture make money make progress make room make trouble
take	break	catch
take a break take a chance take a look take a rest take a seat take a taxi take an exam take notes take someone's place take someone's temperature	break a habit break a leg break a promise break a record break a window break someone's heart break the ice break the law break the news to someone break the rules	catch a ball catch a bus catch a chill catch a cold catch a thief catch fire catch sight of catch someone's attention catch someone's eye catch the flu
pay	save	keep
pay a fine pay attention pay by credit card pay cash pay interest pay someone a compliment pay someone a visit pay the bill pay the price pay your respects	save electricity save energy save money save one's strength save someone a seat save someone's life save something to a disk save space save time save yourself the trouble	keep a diary keep a promise keep a secret keep an appointment keep calm keep control keep in touch keep quiet keep someone's place keep the change
come	go	get
come close come complete with come direct come early come first come into view come last come late come on time come prepared come right back come second come to a compromise come to a decision come to an agreement come to an end come to a standstill come to terms with come to a total of come under attack	go abroad go astray go bad go bald go bankrupt go blind go crazy go dark go deaf go fishing go mad go missing go on foot go online go out of business go overseas go quiet go sailing go to war go yellow	get a job get a shock get angry get divorced get drunk get frightened get home get lost get married get nowhere get permission get pregnant get ready get started get the impression get the message get the sack get upset get wet get worried

Miscellaneous
Time	Business English	Classifiers
bang on time dead on time early 12th century free time from dawn till dusk great deal of time late 20th century make time for next few days past few weeks right on time run out of time save time spare time spend some time take your time tell someone the time time goes by time passes waste time	annual turnover bear in mind break off negotiations cease trading chair a meeting close a deal close a meeting come to the point dismiss an offer draw a conclusion draw your attention to launch a new product lay off staff go bankrupt go into partnership make a loss make a profit market forces sales figures take on staff	a ball of string a bar of chocolate a bottle of water a bunch of carrots a cube of sugar a pack of cards a pad of paper

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Inglês da Professora Denise Mardegan

O que é "COLLOCATION" em inglês?

Sample Collocations

Collocations Lists

Some common verbs

Miscellaneous

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