Perfect Tenses: Present, Past and Future Tenses

 Os tempos "Perfect" em inglês são usados para indicar ações que têm alguma ligação com o presente, passado ou futuro em relação a outro evento ou momento. Aqui está uma explicação dos três principais tempos "Perfect":

Present Perfect

Estrutura: [Sujeito] + have/has + [verbo no particípio passado]

Uso:

1. Ação completada em um tempo não especificado antes de agora:
   • "I have eaten breakfast."
2. Ação que começou no passado e continua até o presente:
   • "She has lived here for ten years."
3. Experiência de vida:
   • "They have visited Paris."

Exemplos:

• "He has finished his homework."
• "We have known each other for a long time."
• "I have never seen that movie."

Past Perfect

Estrutura: [Sujeito] + had + [verbo no particípio passado]

Uso:

1. Ação que foi completada antes de outra ação no passado:
   • "I had finished my homework before I watched TV."
2. Ação que aconteceu antes de um momento específico no passado:
   • "They had left by the time we arrived."

Exemplos:

• "She had already left when I called."
• "By the time we got to the theater, the movie had started."
• "He had never seen the ocean before that trip."

Future Perfect

Estrutura: [Sujeito] + will have + [verbo no particípio passado]

Uso:

1. Ação que será completada antes de algum momento ou outra ação no futuro:
   • "I will have finished my homework by tomorrow."
2. Para indicar uma expectativa de conclusão antes de um ponto no futuro:
   • "By next year, they will have graduated."

Exemplos:

• "She will have read the book by the time the class starts."
• "We will have arrived by midnight."
• "They will have completed the project before the deadline."

Resumo

• Present Perfect: Ação que ocorreu em um tempo indeterminado no passado ou que continua até o presente.
• Past Perfect: Ação que ocorreu antes de outra ação ou momento específico no passado.
• Future Perfect: Ação que ocorrerá antes de um momento ou ação específica no futuro.

Exercício 1: Complete as frases com o Present Perfect

1. She __________ (to visit) many countries.
2. They __________ (to finish) their homework.
3. I __________ (to live) in this city for five years.
4. We __________ (never/to see) that movie.
5. He __________ (already/to read) the book.

Exercício 2: Complete as frases com o Past Perfect

1. By the time we arrived, the movie __________ (to start).
2. She __________ (never/to be) to New York before last summer.
3. They __________ (already/to leave) when we got to the party.
4. I __________ (to finish) my homework before I went out.
5. He __________ (to eat) dinner before she came home.

Exercício 3: Complete as frases com o Future Perfect

1. By this time next year, I __________ (to graduate) from college.
2. They __________ (to finish) the project by the deadline.
3. She __________ (to complete) the marathon by noon.
4. We __________ (to leave) before you arrive.
5. He __________ (to save) enough money to buy a car by the end of the year.

Exercício 4: Combine as frases usando Present Perfect, Past Perfect ou Future Perfect

1. (Present Perfect) She (to read) the book. / Now she can discuss it.

   • She __________ the book, so now she can discuss it.

2. (Past Perfect) They (to eat) dinner. / Then they watched a movie.

   • They __________ dinner before they watched a movie.

3. (Future Perfect) We (to clean) the house. / By the time our guests arrive.

   • We __________ the house by the time our guests arrive.

Exercício 5: Traduza as frases para o inglês usando o tempo perfeito adequado

1. Eu nunca estive em Londres. (Present Perfect)
2. Quando eu cheguei, ele já tinha saído. (Past Perfect)
3. Eles terão terminado o trabalho até amanhã. (Future Perfect)
4. Nós já vimos este filme antes. (Present Perfect)
5. Ela tinha terminado o relatório antes da reunião. (Past Perfect)

Respostas

Exercício 1:

1. has visited
2. have finished
3. have lived
4. have never seen
5. has already read

Exercício 2:

1. had started
2. had never been
3. had already left
4. had finished
5. had eaten

Exercício 3:

1. will have graduated
2. will have finished
3. will have completed
4. will have left
5. will have saved

Exercício 4:

1. She has read the book, so now she can discuss it.
2. They had eaten dinner before they watched a movie.
3. We will have cleaned the house by the time our guests arrive.

Exercício 5:

1. I have never been to London.
2. When I arrived, he had already left.
3. They will have finished the work by tomorrow.
4. We have already seen this movie before.
5. She had finished the report before the meeting.
6.