Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous

Form

Present Perfect Simple	Present Perfect Progressive
irregular verbs: form of 'have' + 3rd column of irregular verbs Example: I / you / we / they have spoken he / she / it has spoken regular verbs: form of 'have' + infinitive + ed Example: I / you / we / they have worked he / she / it has worked	form of 'have' + been + verb + ing Example: I / you / we / they have been speaking he / she / it has been speaking
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding 'ed' : when the final letter is e, only add d Example: love - loved after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled Example: admit - admitted final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English) Example: travel - travelled after a consonant, final y becomes i (but: not after a vowel) Example: worry - worried but: play - played	Exceptions when adding 'ing' : silent e is dropped. (but: does not apply for -ee) Example: come - coming aber: agree - agreeing after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled Example: sit - sitting after a vowel, the final consonant l is doubled in British English (but not in American English). Example: travel - travelling final ie becomes y. Example: lie - lying

Use

Os dois tempos são usados para falar de coisas do passado que ainda ocorrem. 

Em muitas situações voce pode usar qualquer um dos tempos, mas a diferença está no sentido.

Usamos os Present Perfect para falar de ações que estão completas e enfatizar o resultado. 

Usamos o Present Perfect Continuous para enfatizar a duração ou continuidade da ação em curso. 

Result or duration?

Você quer enfatizar o que aconteceu ou à quanto tempo isso está ocorrendo. 

Present Perfect Simple	Present Perfect Progressive
Result (what / how much / how often) I have written 5 letters. / I have been to London twice.	Duration (how long) I have been writing for an hour.

Certain verbs

Esses verbos normalmente não são usados na forma continua:

• state: be, have (for possession only)
  Example: We have been on holiday for two weeks.
• senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch
  Example: He has touched the painting.
• brain work: believe, know, think, understand
  Example: I have known him for 3 years.

Emphasis on completion or duration?

Do you want to emphasise the completion of an action or its continuous course (how has somebody spent his time)?

Present Perfect Simple	Present Perfect Progressive
Emphasis on completion I have done my homework. (Meaning: My homework is completed now.)	Emphasis on duration I have been doing my homework. (Meaning: That's how I have spent my time. It does not matter whether the homework is completed now.)

Result or side effect?

Você quer espressar uma ação completa que levou a um resultado desejado ou que uma ação teve um resultado colateral indesejado?

Present Perfect Simple	Present Perfect Progressive
desired result I have washed the car. (Result: The car is clean now.)	unwanted side effect Why are you so wet? - I have been washing the car. (side effect: I became wet when I was washing the car. It does not matter whether the car is clean now.)

Time + negation: last time or beginning of an action?

Em frases negativas: Você quer expressar quanto tempo tem passado desde a última vez que a ação ocorreu ou desde o início da ação?

Present Perfect Simple	Present Perfect Progressive
since the last time I haven't played that game for years. (Meaning: It's years ago that I last played that game.)	since the beginning I haven't been playing that game for an hour, only for 10 minutes. (Meaning: It's not even an hour ago that I started to play that game.)

Permanent or temporary?

ISe uma ação ainda está em curso e queremos expressar que é uma situação permanente, que normalmente usaríamos o Present Pefect. Para situações temporárias , nós preferimos o Present Perfect Continuous . Esta não é uma regra, no entanto, apenas uma tendência.

Present Perfect Simple	Present Perfect Progressive
permanent James has lived in this town for 10 years. (Meaning: He is a permanent resident of this town.)	temporary James has been living here for a year. (Meaning: This situation is only temporary. Maybe he is an exchange student and only here for one or two years.)

Signal words

Present Perfect Simple	Present Perfect Progressive
how often ... times	how long since for

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/prepersim-preperpro

Mais informações:

http://inglesdenisemardegan.blogspot.com.br/2015/01/present-perfect-quyando-usa-lo.html

http://inglesdenisemardegan.blogspot.com.br/2015/04/present-perfect-conversation-questions.html

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-progressive

Exercicios:

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-progressive/exercises

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs8.htm

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-perfect-continuous-exercise-1.html

http://www.agendaweb.org/verbs/present_perfect_continuous-exercises.html

http://www.agendaweb.org/verbs/present-perfect-simple.html

Outras páginas:

https://inglesdenisemardegan.blogspot.com/2015/04/present-perfect-continuous.html

https://inglesdenisemardegan.blogspot.com/2015/04/present-perfect-continuous-forms.html

https://inglesdenisemardegan.blogspot.com/2016/09/present-prerfect-or-present-perfect.html